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2021-4-29 来源:本站原创 浏览次数:次李从悠 http://m.39.net/pf/a_4305598.html
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该内容节选自美国骨科医师协会(AAOS)精编教程性书籍《美国骨科医师协会骨科疾病诊疗教程》。本课程的中文电子版于唯医网发布,欢迎老师们下载唯医app交流学习。
一、同义词
髋关节退变性关节炎Degenerativearthritisofthehip
髋关节骨性关节病Osteoarthrosisofthehip
二、定 义
髋关节骨性关节炎病理特点为髋关节内关节软骨的磨损退变。髋关节骨性关节炎包括原发性(特发性)和继发性骨性关节炎。继发性骨性关节炎常见于儿童时期髋关节疾患、创伤、股骨头坏死,既往关节感染或者其它一些疾患等)。
Osteoarthritisofthehipischaracterizedbyalossofarticularcartilageinthehipjoint.Theosteoarthrosismaybeprimary(idiopathic)orsecondarytohipdiseasesduringchildhood,trauma,osteonecrosis,previousjointinfection,orotherconditions.
三、临床表现
髋关节骨性关节炎典型临床表现为大腿前方或腹股沟区渐进性的疼痛。有些患者疼痛部位在臀部或大腿外侧。疼痛也可累及大腿远端(膝关节),甚至被误认为膝关节疼痛。最早的症状为髋关节活动后疼痛,病程缓慢进展,疼痛频率及强度逐渐增加,严重者表现为夜间痛和静息痛。随着病情发展,髋关节活动范围受限导致跛行甚至穿裤、穿鞋等日常活动也变得困难。随着疼痛的加重,行走能力逐渐减弱。偶尔有些患者表现为严重的跛行和僵直,但髋关节疼痛很轻微。
Theclassicpresentationisagradualonsetofanteriorthighorgroinpain.Somepatientshavepaininthebuttockorthelateralaspectofthethigh.Thepainmaybereferredtothedistalthigh(knee)andmaybeperceivedonlyintheknee.Initially,painoccursonlywithactivity,butgraduallythefrequencyandintensityofthepainincreasetothepointthatpainoccursatrestandatnight.Asosteoarthritisprogresses,decreasedrangeofmotiondevelops,whichmaymanifestasalimpanddifficultyputtingontrousersorshoes.Ambulatorycapacitygraduallydecreasesaspainincreases.Occasionally,patientswillhaveaseverelimpandstiffnessbutlittlepain.
详细问诊可能发现髋部既往史,如婴幼儿和学步期(髋关节发育不良)、儿童期(Legg-Calvé-Perthes病)、青春期(股骨头骨骺滑脱)等不同时期髋关节的各种疾病。髋关节炎患者可常罹患各种合并症,详见鉴别诊断。
Carefulquestioningmayrevealahistoryofhipproblemsasaninfantortoddler(indicativeofdevelopmentaldysplasiaofthehip),asasmallchild(indicativeofLegg-Calvé-Perthesdisease),orasanadolescent(suggestiveofslippedcapitalfemoralepiphysis).Patientswithosteoarthritisofthehipmayhaveothercoexistingconditions,aslistedinthedifferentialdiagnosis.
四、检 查
?体格检查
髋关节骨性关节炎早期体征为髋关节内旋活动时受限。缓慢地出现髋关节各个方向的活动受限,很多患者表现为固定的髋关节外旋畸形和屈曲挛缩畸形。髋关节屈曲挛缩畸形影响较大,因为会影响患者的步态,屈曲的髋关节需要代偿性增大腰椎前凸以维持矢状面的平衡。此外,机体为了减少疼痛和外展肌无力,并发保护性跛行(由于患肢疼痛,患侧负重时间明显短于健侧)和外展肌无力性跛行(患侧髋关节外展无力,摆动患侧躯干以带动患肢)。
Theearliestsignofosteoarthritisofthehipisalossofinternalrotationasdeterminedbyrange-of-motiontesting.Gradually,global
decreasesinrangeofmotionoccur,andafixedexternalrotationandflexioncontracturedevelopsinmanypatients.Flexioncontracturesareparticularlyproblematicbecausetheygreatlyaffectgaitpatterns,asthepatientmust